format floppy disk

- Start Windows Explorer, Windows NT Explorer, My Computer.
- Role the right mouse button to snap the drive containing the floppy disk you wish to format, and  then click Format on the menu that appears.
- In the Format dialog box, click the choices you desire to use to format the disk, and then click Start.

 Options that are available:
This will depend on the floppy disk that we are formatting, most disks are now 1.44Mb, it is  best to exit this choice as it is.
FAT or NTFS, FAT is the natural file system for floppies, nevertheless if you take a utility  set up to enable NTFS floppies so choose NTFS, if you are uncertain or FAT is the only alternative then just  leave it on FAT.
 Allocation Unit Size: This should be left on the default unless you have a reason to switch it.
 Volume Label: This is where you can enter a label for your floppy disk, merely typewrite the name into the box, in our case we have called the disk New Disk.
Quick Format: This alternative can be selected if the disk takes antecedently been formatted and you just want to free the data away the disc.
Make an MS-DOS startup disk: This choice can be applied to copy system files over to produce a bootable system disk .
When you have chosen the options that you wish merely click on the Start button.
After snapping Start you will be given a warning informing you that every data on the floppy disk will be deleted, assuming on that point is no data on the floppy that you demand click ok.
Later clicking OK you will see a progress bar and that will be followed by an alert making knowns you about the condition of the format, ie whether it was prosperous or not.
If you desire to format another floppy disk then enter a different volume label and then click the Start button in the format dialog box over again.
When finished click Close button.Your floppy disk is now formatted and can be used to stock your files.

Garlic the Great!

Many uses over many years

Our knowledge of garlic's health benefits dates as far back as ancient Indian and Eastern medicine. Throughout history, garlic has been used as everything from an antibiotic to a tasty cooking ingredient. While many of the people who recognize garlic's health benefits today take it to reduce their cholesterol levels and help to reduce their risk of heart disease, the so-called stinking rose also functions as an antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, carminative, expectorant and diuretic. Generally speaking, it is known to stimulate the immune system. Traditional uses have ranged from treatment of asthma and parasites to relief of hemorrhoids, kidney stones and menstrual abnormalities. Externally, it has been applied to skin rashes and abscesses and used to control lice and dandruff. It even has been employed as an aphrodisiac, although, given its characteristically strong odor, its effectiveness in that role seems unlikely.
In modern times, garlic has been associated most closely with high cholesterol and high blood pressure. The conventional medicine establishment has long held that the presence of a high level of cholesterol in the blood is the primary risk factor for heart disease and strokes. High cholesterol also is a factor in impotence and mental sluggishness.

Research confirms the benefits of Garlic

According to the authors of Smart Medicine for Healthier Living-Janet Zand, L.Ac., O.M.D., Allan N. Spreen, M.D., C.N.C. and James B. LaValle, R:Ph., N.D., the body manufactures all of the cholesterol that it needs through the liver. And when there is more cholesterol than the body's mechanisms can cope with, it is deposited on the interior of the blood vessel walls, narrowing them-a condition known as atherosclerosis.
Writing in The Garlic Book, Dr. Stephen Fulder asserts that garlic has been shown to lower the levels of fat and cholesterol in the blood "as effectively as many modern drugs now used for the purpose." Fulder also says that garlic thins the blood, which helps to prevent clots inside the blood vessels, and thus may reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Garlic already is considered a medicine in Germany and Switzerland, where it is used to treat high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. Many sources believe that the herb's power is in the alliin, which is a sulfur-containing version of an amino acid. As explained in Dr Earl Mindell's Garlic, The Miracle Nutrient, alliin helps to boost the levels of HDL cholesterol levels, (also known as the "good cholesterol" because it delivers excess cholesterol to the liver to be destroyed), and simultaneously slows down endogenous cholesterol synthesis, the body's own cholesterol manufacturing process. Mindell states, "Garlic is a terrific `cholesterol buster.' It raises HDL (the good cholesterol), lowers LDL (the bad cholesterol), and reduces triglycerides [an additional fatty substance that is combined with cholesterol in the body's lipoproteins]."

How much garlic is right for me?

The amount of garlic that should be consumed daily to lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease still seems to be under some debate, although the average recommended dose is four grams, or one to two cloves daily. As a supplement, 500 mg of garlic three times daily is advised by the authors of Smart Medicine for Healthier Living. A Dutch research study, described in Varro E. Tyler's book, Herbs of Choice, concluded that garlic did, in deed, help lower cholesterol, thin the blood and reduce triglycerides, but only when participants consumed the equivalent of five to 20 cloves of garlic daily. On the other hand, in more recent studies, garlic has proved effective using a smaller dose of about one to two cloves daily.
There are a few reported side effects of garlic. Body odor and bad breath are the most obvious, although there also have been rare reports of an allergy to garlic. Tyler admits that large amounts of garlic "can result in heartburn, flatulence and related gastrointestinal problems." He continues, "Consumption of garlic reduces the clotting time of the blood, which (while aiding in the prevention of strokes) may cause medical problems in certain individuals (such as hemophiliacs)."
There are several ways garlic can be worked into the diet. Fresh garlic may be the simplest and least expensive method; however, this brings on the problem of odor. One way to remedy this is to wrap the clove in a peppermint leaf and swallow it whole. Many people, of course, choose to take garlic supplements, preferably enteric-coated tablets, which, according to Fulder, are capsules that pass through the stomach and release their contents in the small intestine-where they are most helpful and least likely to produce the unpleasant odor.
Finally, Steven Foster, author of Herbs for Your Health, suggests that, if you choose to add cooked garlic to your food, it should be added last. Otherwise, he says, alliin, the compound that makes garlic effective, gradually will vaporize into the air.
Garlic has been an integral part of health and society for centuries. According to Healing Herbal Remedies, one tale tells of how "society's first strike took place when garlic became scarce," and Fulder reveals that "the tomb of King Tutankhamen himself, contained six dried bulbs" of garlic. Is it possible that, when it came to Tut's health, "Mummy" knew best?

Women’s Tennis Players to Watch

As Grand Slam season heats up, tennis fans are wondering if there are any up-and-coming players to watch out for. We’re all familiar with the Serenas, Venuses, Clisterses, and Sharapovas, and there’s a good chance that the winners of the upcoming tournaments will come from this small pool of proven champs, but we never known until the tournaments are over. Here are a few players to watch in the upcoming tournaments:
Agnieszka Radwanska: This 21-year-old Polish player has been turning heads since her Grand Slam debut at the 2007 US Open. Since then, she has made it to the quarter finals on three occasions, and her 2010 season is shaping to be impressive—that is, if she can maintain her consistency and trust her game enough to break down her opponents.
Radwanska has the smarts to set cunning strategies and adjust with the flow of the game, but it is possible to overpower her. Her skill at keeping her emotions in check could get her far this year.
Aravane Rezai: The French Rezai has been around for a few years, but she caught a lot of people’s attention with her defeat of Venus Williams in the final of the 2010 Madrid Open. Thanks to this performance, she has risen to a career-high ranking of 16, and expectations are high for the summer. Her Madrid win was no fluke; she dominated much of the match with forced errors and outright winners.
Analysts have long been saying that her serve could use a little work, but her groundstrokes are glorious. If she can make some final tweaks to her serve before heading into France and London, she could go far.
Maria Jose Martinez Sanchez: The Spanish Martinez Sanchez made her breakthrough at this year’s Italian Open, where she upset Francesca Schiavone, Caroline Wozniacki, and Lucie Safarova in the early rounds before similarly defeating Ana Ivanovic in the semifinals, then Jelena Jankovic in the final. This impressive run made her a top-20 player for the first time in her career. Currently sitting at 19, the 27-year-old hopes to reach even greater heights this summer.
Martinez Sanchez’s game differs from most of her competitors. Rather than hugging the baseline, she uses her strong lefty forehand to draw her opponents across the court before hitting a dropshot for the win. Her strong tactical approach could take her far in this year’s remaining tournaments.

Pidgin - Multiple Instant Messenger Service

If like me, you find yourself juggling multiple messenger applications to keep your friends, family and colleagues happy you will be glad to hear about Pidgin.  Formally known as Gaim, Pidgin is an open-source messaging program that allows the simultaneous use of multiple instant messenger services through one application.

Available as a free of charge download from www.pidgin.im, this small program supports 17 networks including favourites AOL, MSN and Yahoo as well some lesser known ones such as Jabber and Gadu-Gadu.  Additional chat clients such as Skype and the Facebook Chat tool can be added through the use of freely available third party plugins which are easily located on the Pidgin site.
Once installed, simply select the type of account you want to add (for example a Google Talk account) along with your user name and password.  Any of your contacts from that account that are currently online will automatically appear in the buddies list and you can begin chatting straight away.  Not only does this offer the distinct advantage that you don’t need to switch between several applications if you have contact with friends on multiple networks but it also cuts down on the resource requirements of having multiple chat services running on one machine.
Along with being cross compatible with different networks, the Pidgin application is also available for many different Operating Systems; as well as the obvious Windows version, the developers have provided support for Solaris, SkyOS, Qtopia, UNIX, Linux and even the AmigaOS.
All the standard features you would come to expect such as contact organiser, custom smileys, file transfers and group chats are present.  The only slight criticism that I would have is that it doesn’t support video and voice chat however my assumption is that these protocols are difficult to integrate in to an application that has been designed to be compatible with dozens of networks and half a dozen different Operating Systems.  Hopefully this lack of functionality will be addressed in future releases.
Pidgin is completely customisable; the preferences dialog box provides an area where you can define every conceivable option including the interface, sounds, network connection, chat logging and your default availability status.  In terms of appearance you can also change the font type, size and colour, formatting along with installing new themes which change the appearance of smileys and status icons.  An additional option to install themes in order to change the actual user interface would be welcome as the default interface may be a little dull and unintuitive for some users

Microsoft Office 2010

Despite it being the second most used application on my work computer (behind the Mozilla Firefox browser), it’s still impossible for me to get excited about a new edition of the Microsoft Office suite.

With the final release due in a couple of months, Microsoft have provided a beta test version of Office 2010 that’s free for members of the public to download.  The beta test version will run unhindered until October 2010 at which point users must decide whether they wish to purchase the final release or have it removed from their hard drive.
For the costs involved the majority of home users may still be better off with the free OpenOffice Suite (www.openoffice.org) as it should provide all the features you are likely to need at no cost.  This having been said, the Office Suite has remained a popular flagship product over the years due to business users often requiring a specific function or application only present in the Microsoft offering.  I, for example, use Outlook on a regular basis and haven’t yet found an alternative that suits my needs.
Having not been the biggest fan of Office 2007 (especially the ‘ribbon’ interface discussed in the past) I wasted no time downloading the 64-bit professional version of the beta to put it through its paces.  I have now been using it for a couple of days it does appear notably faster than Office 2007 and certainty incredibly stable.  The speed increase could easily be attributed to the fact that a 64-bit version of the application is now available to run on modern 64-bit computers.
Office Professional 2010 includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint, InfoPath, OneNote, Outlook, Access and Publisher.  The home edition (also currently available in beta) includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook and OneNote.  After the official release, computer manufacturers may choose to bundle new machines with a starter edition of Office which includes just Excel and Word; this version of Office will replace the aging Microsoft Works Suite.
Although the ribbon interface remains, it is certainly a lot clearer than that provided with Office 2007; the confusing Office orb has been replaced with the familiar file menu, there are fewer distracting borders, a neutral colour scheme and most importantly it is customisable to the users individual tastes.  The applications look and behave like a ‘family’ now and have become more intuitive to use as a result of the more refined user interface.
An important new feature due for release in the final version but missing from the beta is the ‘Web Apps’ which will extend the Office functionality to a compatible web browser.  Very similar in form to Google Docs, Office Web Apps allows users to collaborate, edit and share Office documents online.  This is an incredibly important new feature that has no doubt come about due to the success of Google Docs and one that I would like to field test when complete.
This article isn’t long enough to go in to details about minor new features so I will summarise by observing that the changes made from Office 2007 to Office 2010 are evolutionary rather than revolutionary; very much in the same way that Windows 7 was an evolutionary change compared with Vista.  Excluding the Web Apps there is nothing substantially new however the minor improvements are certainly welcome as is the chance to road test a new piece of software completely free of charge for a year.
Users interested in downloading the beta version of Office 2010 should visit www.microsoft.com/office/2010 to get their hands on a copy.

Herbs and Menopause

Women by the millions are headed for a change-THE CHANGE, rather-that not-so-magical moment of a woman's life when her ovaries decide to call it quits. Doctors call it "menopause"; women have other names for the dreaded phenomenon they experience, usually between the ages of 45 and 55.
Traditional western medicine has been restricted in the ways it could support women who come to their doctor with classic menopausal complaints-hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and memory or concentration difficulties. For these women, the options have been limited to two: 1) hormone replacement therapy with medications containing estrogen and progesterone, the hormones the ovaries quit making at the time of menopause, or 2) live with it.
Today, however, women are demanding more choices-ways they can be more comfortable without having to rely on synthetic hormone therapy. Setting aside traditional medical therapy, natural remedies have become increasingly popular for those women who want to make menopause a smooth but natural transition. In a three-part series of articles, I will discuss the various herbal remedies for menopause and help you make an informed decision about what's best for you.
One of the more popular herbs for menopausal symptoms is black cohosh root, harvested from a shrub-like plant native to parts of Eastern North America. It has been used widely in Europe as a treatment for menopausal hot flashes and is gaining in popularity in the USA. The way black cohosh works to control hot flashes is interesting and worth the discussion. Unfortunately it DOES involve a mostly painless mini-lecture on menopause and why hot flashes occur. So, if you're up for it...
When a woman approaches menopause, her ovaries basically give out and fail to produce the usual amount of estrogen and progesterone, the hormones normally produced cyclically in menstruating women. The brain, sensing the relative lack of female hormones, starts sending out chemical signals in an attempt to entice the ovaries to "pick up the pace a bit" and produce more hormones. These brain chemicals are called Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Women in menopause have lots of these hormones in their bodies. Scientists believe that fluctuations in the higher levels of LH in particular are what causes hot flashes.
Enter black cohosh. When taken for menopausal symptoms, the herb attaches itself to some of the same receptors in the body that estrogen does and tricks the brain into thinking it's really estrogen. The LH levels are reduced and hot flashes are improved. Easy, huh?
Well, not exactly. If black cohosh can trick the brain into thinking it's estrogen, does it act like estrogen in other ways? More importantly, does it carry the same risk of stimulating the growth of estrogen-sensitive cancers (like some breast and uterine cancers) as does real estrogen?
While not completely understood scientifically, recent evidence suggests that black cohosh has minimal estrogenic properties. This means that while it attaches to estrogen receptors like estrogen, it doesn't "turn on" those receptors in the same way estrogen would. Other than its effect on the brain's secretion of LH, it is not known to stimulate the uterine lining or do any other of the commonly-known things estrogen does. In other words, part of the body is tricked into thinking black cohosh is estrogen, but not all of it.
So what does all this mean? If science can prove that black cohosh reduces LH levels but doesn't act completely like estrogen, this may be a wonderful option for menopausal women at risk for estrogen-sensitive cancers who otherwise wouldn't be candidates for traditional estrogen replacement therapy. The "jury" is still out on this but I, personally, am quite hopeful that this will be the case.
If you're willing to give black cohosh a try, this is what you need to know before heading to the store to buy some. Look for a reputable brand that gives you the dose of black cohosh as a "standardized extract". The daily dose should be approximately 80 milligrams of standardized extract. Sometimes other herbs are mixed in with the black cohosh and called a "menopausal formula". This is probably fine but as you will learn in subsequent articles, not every herb is as safe or effective as black cohosh and you may be inviting unwelcome side effects. Take it for a month or so and see how you feel. There haven't been any scientific studies on black cohosh beyond 6 months of use so see your healthcare provider if you want to use the herb longer than that.

The Rules of Judo

Because judo is generally thought of as a gentle form of martial arts, many people assume that injuries are rare in the sport. But what we must remember is that, even with its gentleness, judo still involves punching, kicking, and falling, plus plenty of potential for repetitive sports injuries. So even with all that padding that judo competitors wear, it can be a dangerous sport.
The rules of judo focus on keeping injuries from happening, but there are also major elements designed to keep things fair and to ensure that contestants show proper etiquette to one another. With these motivations in mind, let’s look at the main rules of judo.
There are certain restrictions upon what judo competitors can do, including:
• You cannot attempt to intentionally injure another opponent.
• You cannot punch or kick in ways that aren’t permitted in the judo rules.
• You may not strike or touch an opponent’s face.
• You may not wear metallic objects during competition.
• You may not stall the match from moving forward.
• You may not adopt a defensive posture.
• You may not fake attacks, as this incites a counterattack, which goes against judo.
• You may not ignore or subvert orders given by the judo judge.
Players are expected to show a great deal of courtesy to one another and to all in attendance. As such, there is a set of etiquette rules that all competitors must follow. These include:
• Contestants are required to bow to the room before walking onto the mat.
• Before and after competition, contestants must bow to each other.
• Foul language and inappropriate body language are forbidden.
There are two levels of penalties in judo. The shido is given when a contestant has made a minor infringement such as stalling, faking an attack, or adopting a defensive posture. The hansoku make is given when a player either accumulates four shidos or commits a serious infraction such as intentionally inflicting injury on an opponent or punching an opponent’s face.
Players win by scoring an ippon, which is considered “one full point” and decides who wins the match. It’s awarded in a variety of match-ending scenarios, such as when one player throws another on her back. Two waza-ari equal one ippon. The smallest point awarded in judo is a yuko. These are only considered when a match ends in a tie, in which case the player with the most yuko wins.

Should Chess Be in the Olympics?

Alexander Zhukov, the chairman of the Russian Olympic committee in charge of organizing the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi, recently made headlines by stating that he was going to push to have chess included in the Olympic program. This may seem a little strange at first. After all, the Olympics are all about athletic performance, and chess doesn’t involve much physical activity at all, so it wouldn’t fit in with the other events. But in fact, there is a long history of this type of advocacy surrounding chess, and followers of the game tend to be quite passionate in their opinions on whether or not chess should be considered a sport. If you ask the players themselves, there’s no question about: Chess is a sport. Professional chess players think of themselves as athletes, and the game is governed by an organizational body that is very similar to the bodies that govern other popular professional sports leagues.
The governing body, known as FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs), oversees numerous national chess governing bodies and is a member of the International Olympic Committee, who recognize chess as an official international sport. In spite of this fact, the IOC has never seen fit to give chess an actual event at the Olympics.
And why hasn’t the IOC ever included chess? It turns out that this isn’t an easy question to answer. The IOC makes their decisions as they see fit, and they generally don’t explain their thinking behind things. There are other baffling non-inclusions (not to mention baffling inclusions)—for example, why is handball included while rugby is not? There is no order to this system. It could be that there just aren’t any chess fans in the IOC.
But opponents of chess’s inclusion point to the simple fact that there are many games with international appeal that don’t necessarily warrant inclusion in the athletics-oriented Olympics. Many card games, for example, have international appeal, as do motor sports, billiards, fishing, and other board games such as checkers. If the IOC were to accept chess, then it would open up the Games to appeals from all sorts of other non-athletic sports.
This may be what the IOC has in mind when it rejects the appeals of chess advocates. The members of the committee have to protect the integrity and the traditions of their event, and allowing too many radical changes may hurt the Olympics’ stature in the long run. In the meantime, there are still the plenty of international non-Olympic events for chess professionals to compete in.

Types Of Punches In Boxing

Punches are one of the most important parts of boxing as a sport. There are many repetitive and forceful punches between the participating boxers. However, there are four broad types of punches in boxing. These are uppercut, the jab, hook and straight right/left hand. The left hand is the lead hand for a right-handed boxer while the right hand is the lead hand in case of a left-handed boxer. Thus, depending upon which type of boxer is in subject, the hand movements would be reversed.
The jab is one of the types of punches that is commonly observed in boxing. It can be described as a quick, straight punch. This is generally thrown by the boxer from his lead hand and this is thrown by the boxer from his guard position. A clockwise rotation of the hips and torso generally accompanies a jab. At the time of this punch, there is a rotation of the fist at 90 degrees and upon impact, it becomes horizontal. The chin is guarded by the boxer with the help of the lead shoulder when this punch reach its full extension and the jaw is guarded by the rear hand which takes the position close to the face.
The boxer ensures the retraction of the lead hand so as to ensure that he is able to make the guard position in front of the face. Since the jab is a type of punch that also provides a fair amount of cover for the boxer himself, therefore it is recognized as one of the most popular forms of punches. Also, when this type of punch is adopted, the opponent also has a very little space to go ahead with a counter punch. The power of this punch is comparatively weak; therefore, it is made use of for specific purposes only. These purposes are probing an opponent, harassing an opponent, for gauging distances, among others.
Cross or Straight right/left hand punch is the second type of punch that is used by the boxers. It can be described as one of the straight and powerful types of punch which is generally thrown using the rear hand. As a part of this punch, the rear hand is generally thrown from the chin and it is made to cross the body such that it can travel in a straight line towards the target. The boxer also ensures the retraction of the lead hand with the objective of protecting the inside of his chin. In order to ensure that the punch gets some additional power, the counter-clockwise rotation of the torso and the hips is also ensured. There is a transfer of weight by the boxer from the rear foot to the lead foot. This type of punch is generally used by the boxers to follow a jab and thus the boxers can create a classic combination of punches.
Another type of punch that is used by the boxers is a semi-circular type of punch. This punch is generally thrown by the boxer by ensuring that the lead hand is generally on the side of the opponent’s head. As a part of this punch, the rear hand is tucked in a firm manner and the elbow is drawn back from the guard position. A clockwise rotation of the hips and the torso is also ensured and the efforts are made to connect with the target.
The forth type of punch is a rising or a vertical punch known by the name of an Uppercut. This type of punch is generally thrown by making use of the rear hand. The torso is shifted towards the right from the guard position and the boxer ensures to drop the rear hand below the chest level of the opponent. When the right uppercut is used along with a left hook, it proves to be one of the most powerful combinations of punches for a boxer.

Rules Of Boxing

Boxing can be described as a combat sport or martial art. This sport generally involves two people. These two people could be male or female. Most of the times, the two people who are involved generally possess the same weight and they make use of their fists to fight with each other.
There are determined numbers of rounds in a boxing match and these rounds are typically of three-minute duration. A total of up to 12 rounds are generally included as part of a boxing match. The coach of each fighting member is given a time of 1 minute to spend with his team member in their assigned corners so that they can be given specified piece of advice. The referee is the prime person who is known to control the fight between the two contestants. The referee generally works within the ring itself and the prime job of this referee is to evaluate the manner in which the two fighters conduct themselves in a ring. He is the person who generally supervises boxing. He has to also ensure that the opponents fight safely with each other and at the same time he has to rule out the fouls in the game.
There are three judges normally present in the ring side who have the responsibility to score the bouts and they are also responsible for assigning the points to each of the boxers. The evaluation is generally passed by the judges based on the punches used by the two fighters, the defense techniques that are used, the knockdown approaches and some of the more subjective measures. Thus, the judgment in this game is generally is open-ended in nature. Therefore, most of the times, controversial results may be associated with most of the fights. This is because in many of the cases, the two involved fighters are of the opinion that they have been denied of the victory in the game because of the unfair judgment having passed.
As a part of this game, each of the boxers is assigned a specified corner in the ring. In this area, the coach of the team is allowed to spend some time with his team member in the beginning as well as during the different rounds. At the beginning of each round, both the boxers are required to enter into the ring from their assigned corners. They are also required to finish fighting and they must approach their corners when there is signal with respect to the end of each of the rounds.
The winner is generally declared based on the score of each of the fighters during the sport. Since three judges are involved in this sport, therefore it is possible to arrive at a unanimous as well as split decision. There is a possibility that a particular fighter may be knocked down in the middle of the fight. This is generally determined by whether this fighter touches the floor of the ring or not. A knock out will be declared if one of the fighter touches the floor with any of his body parts other than the feet and this has happened because of the punch by the opposing fighter and not because of a slip. The decision related to a knock out will be generally taken by a referee. If the fighter is able to return to a fighting position till the referee has finished his counting up to ten, then he is allowed to continue his game. In the other circumstances, the opposing fighter is declared a winner as a result of a knockout.

Clothing And Equipment Used In Boxing

There are particular types of clothing that are essential for bouts in boxing. This is generally irrespective of the weight class in a boxing fight. The type of clothing for amateur boxers is generally different from the type of clothing that is meant for the professional boxers. The mandatory clothing requirements for all the boxers who participate in the sanctioned fights are hand wraps, soft soled shoes, gloves, groin protectors and mouth guards.
The shorts that are worn by amateur boxes are generally the ones that have been approved by the concerned sanctioning body. However, in case of professional boxing, the fighters are given the authority to make selection with respect to the design and the color of their shorts. Thus, in the case of professionals the choice of shorts for the fighters is generally not regulated. Therefore, some of the boxers even choose to get their name embroidered on the shorts and on other given instances, the logos of the sponsors or the sanctioning bodies may be present on the shorts of a particular fighter. Some of the professional boxers may prefer to wear very simple and rather plain shorts while others prefer elaborate shorts. Most of the modern generation of prefers to wear shorts with loose fitting. This is because they wish to have an improved movement and comfort level.
The tank tops shirts are preferred generally by the amateur boxers and the professional women boxers. The mandatory requirement in case of amateur boxers is that the color of their sleeveless shirt and headgear should be similar to the color of the corner that has been assigned to them. Most of the professional boxers are required to fight without a headgear and also bare-chested. Short sleeved shirts are generally allowed for the female boxers who fall in amateur ranks. The female boxers are also allowed to wear a chest protector.
A mouthpiece is generally required for all the boxers. The construction of this mouthpiece is generally regulated by the sanctioning body as well as the fighters themselves. It is important for all the boxers to have a foul protector if they are participating in sanctioned bouts. This is important as it can ensure the protection of the groin as well as the lower abdomen.
And although all the boxers have to wear gloves, the amateur boxers can only make use of the approved gloves. In case of the amateur boxers, the inspection of the gloves is made by the representatives of the sanctioning as well as by the opponent’s corner.
Soft soled shoes are required to be worn by all the boxers. These shoes play a very important role in the minimizing of the damage that can happen as a result of either intentional or accidental stepping on feet.
There are forceful and repetitive punches involved in boxing as a sport, therefore it is also important for the boxers to take all necessary precautions so that they are able to prevent any damage to the bones of the hand. In order to ensure the same, the boxers generally make use of the necessary equipment.

Billiards – The Equipment Involved

 
There is different equipment involved in Billiards sport. The prime equipment is billiard balls, tables, cloth, rack, cue, and others. There are different sizes in which the billiard balls are available. These vary depending upon one game to another and they also vary in their quality as well as in the designs and their sizes. The size of the balls that are used in carrom billiards is generally larger than those used in pool. The balls used in carrom billiards are generally available in a set of two cue balls. One of these balls is generally colored in nature while the other one is marked. In addition to the set of cue balls, an object ball is also used for the purpose of playing the game. In order to ensure that the balls do not get mixed up, the racking for the different balls meant for different games is ensured separately. The use of different materials is made for manufacturing the different billiard balls. These materials include crystallite, ivory, plastic, bakelite, steel and wood, and others.
The second important equipment in the sports of Billiards is Tables. The tables for Billiards are available in different sizes and also in different styles. Under most of the circumstances, the shape of these tables is rectangular in nature. Thus, the length of these tables should be two times of their total width. Most of the tables that are used for pool are generally 7, 8 or 9 feel in their length. The tables that are having the longest length are the English Billiards table and the Full-size snooker table. Most of the times, the space that is available while installing a billiards table will be actually one of the deciding factors in determining the size of these tables.
These tables are then covered with a cloth. This cloth is either made up of woven wool or of a nylon blend fabric. The use of a more durable cloth is made in case of the bar table as a lot of play is generally played there. This cloth is slower in nature. Whereas, the cloth that is used to cover the billiards tables installed in homes is faster to wear and tear in nature or less durable. The tables that are particularly used for the purpose of billiards competitions generally make use of the table cloth that is of competition quality and thus the material used in making this cloth is worsted wool to 100 per cent extent. The color that has been used since then is green. This is primarily indicative of the actual origin of the game in the 16th century. The other colors in which also the cloth is produced are red and blue.
A rack may be described as a frame like structure that is primarily used to organize the different balls that are used in the game. The use of different materials is made in order to manufacture this rack. These materials are plastic, aluminum and wood. Most of the times, the shape of this rack is triangular.
The sticks which are used to strike the balls in the game of Billiards are known as cues. The bridge that is useful for the cue sticks to slide on it is termed as the mechanical bridge.
Knowing these primary things about billiards will help us understand the game even more.

Billiard Games – The Main Varieties

As a sport, there are several varieties of Billiards. However, the two main varieties that exist Carom and Pocket. The most common types of carom billiard are three cushion billiards, balkline billiards, straight billiards, and others. The characteristic of the different carom billiard games is that all of these are played on a table which is actually pocket less in nature. The use of generally two cue balls and one object ball are required in these games. Thus a total of three balls are used to play these games. The players which are participating in these will generally shoot the cue ball in a manner that it is targeted to make a contact with the cue ball of the opponent and at the same time it is also targeted to make a contact with the object ball.
The second major variety that exists is the pocket games. Some of the examples of the pocket games include snooker, bank pool, eight-ball, one-pocket, nine-ball, and others. The prime objective of the player in games such as the eight- and the nine-ball is to keep ensuring that the various object balls are sunk until he finally gets the money ball. The game called straight pool is also one of the types of the pocket billiards. Though it is one of the most well-known forms, it is losing grounds as far as its popularity is concerned. The prime objective of the different players in the straight pool is to continue sinking the different balls such that they can reach a winning score that has been decided and determined on a prior basis. Racks and racks of balls may be consumed in this game.
Rotation is also a very well-known game and it is closely related to the nine-ball. The prime objective of this game is to ensure to strike the object ball which has the lowest number. However, a combination shots can also be played by pocketing any of the object balls. The different pocketed balls will also be able to add to the score of the player as each of the object balls is numbered which will ensure addition of specific points to the overall score of a player. Snooker can be described as a game wherein the player aims at accumulating a particular score by spotting the different colored balls, especially the red colored balls.
Another form of billiards is straight rail billiards. In this game, the target of the player is to ensure that his cue ball can make a contact with the other two balls and every time he ensures to do the same, he is able to score a point. This has been categorized as a subtle and a difficult game but some players who have been playing this have become skillful within a period of time and thus they are able to ensure that all the balls are gathered in a corner or along the same rail.
So, what variation of billiards is your type?

Beach Volleyball Rules and Gameplay

If you’re familiar with standard indoor volleyball, then you should have no trouble picking up beach volleyball. There are a few minor differences between the two, though. Beyond the playing surface, the most notable difference is the team size, which consists of two rather than six players. Other than that, there are many minor differences, including:
• A block counts as one of the three touches each team is allowed before sending the ball back over the net.
• The court is a little smaller—measuring 8 by 16 meters instead of 9 by 18.
• The point system is different. Teams play the best of three sets, which consist of 21 points.
• A player may cross under the net as long as he or she doesn’t interfere with opposing players.
• Players alternate serving, and they do not rotate.
• The ball is softer and slightly bigger than the ball used in indoor volleyball.
• Referees are stricter about overhand finger passes. Such a pass may only be made if you are standing with       the shoulders square to the net.
• Double contact faults are more strictly enforced.
As in standard volleyball, there are different strategies that players use to defend against a serve. It’s common for beach volleyball teammates to coordinate their strategy with one another using finger signals, commonly known as block signals.
Prior to the serve, the receiving players typically line up in a deceptive position, with the player in front sending the block signal behind his or her back so the opposing team can’t see. Then, once the ball is in the air, they move into the position that has been signaled.
One way to defend against the serve is to assign sides for each player—with one defending the left side and the other the right. More commonly, one player takes the net while the other defends the back of the court. As in indoor volleyball, teams are allowed only a certain number of touches, and a point is scored when the ball hits the ground or goes out of bounds.
All in all, although many people assume that beach volleyball is a more laid back version of the indoor variety, it’s actually a highly rule-bound sport that is even stricter in some ways. Players do tend to wear uniforms that are derivative of casual swimwear, but this says more about the traditions of the sport than the gameplay itself.

Basketball Basics: Tips for Good Rebounding

Over the years Basketball has been a well known game all over the world. The game has left a tremendous effect on the minds of the present generation and this super sport has given many stars and superstars in the form of elegant players. This game of basket ball has given the world many icons to be followed. The current generation is getting high inspiration from this grand game.
The game is played physically with a lot of skill. A lot of movement is done while playing this game. The game was brought into existence in December 1891 by a Canadian clergyman James Naismith. He had taken this game to the Young Men’s Christian Association Training School in Massachusetts.
The court of basketball is made with separate dimensions. Some courts are 94 feet by 50 ft (28.65 m by 15.24 m), while some courts are 28 m by 15 m (91′10.4″ by 49′2.6″). Other short dimensioned courts are also allowed by national federations. These have to be at least 26 m by 14 m (85′3.6″ by 45′11.2″). A smaller sized court of high school is also made at 84′ by 50′. Also few basic schools often have court size is 74′ x 42′. In part-time basketball, courts of wider sizes are made. The height of the baskets is kept at 10′ (3.05m) above the ground.
Some specialized players of this game strictly follow the rules of basketball. However, they also invent some techniques by their own to make their practice more effective. The rules include pivot foot, out of bounds, fouls, fouls and free throws, dribbling rules, blocking and charging fouls, ten seconds rule, principal of verticality, illegal screen, what is a foul, back court rule, don’t foul out, hand checking, injury time out, personal foul, 5 seconds violation, double dribble, jump ball,3 point arc, and free throw.
The basket ball tips include passing, shooting dribbling and rebounding. These are some basic tips a learner should start with and pay more attention to apply it confidently.
For finding a tip one must be very accurate about the learning shots that are required in the game of basketball. Stand still, catch and shoot. Stand still, catch, dribble and shoot and catch on the move shoot.
Passing is another important tip while playing the game of basket ball. The player must be calculative while playing. Passing helps the other player to get a chance to apply his own mind on the new techniques. While passing one must see the nearest position of the other player.
The positions in the game of basketball that are set by various well equipped professionals include guard, forward, and center. These positions are further classified into more positions like point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, and center.

Basketball Training Aids to Improve Your Game

Unlike any other game, basketball requires a scrupulous drill. If any body expects to get mastery in this game, he or she has to work hard. The game requires much attention on its basics. This game seeks dedicated players who are involved in the game with their soul. This game became a bit complex because of some technical terms used in it and has a long list of rules.
The history of basketball is originated from USA. The game is played with ten players. All have knowledge about the several rules of basket ball. The origin of basket ball took place in Canada and a clergyman had invented this game and taken to the public late in 1891. The inventor of this game was an instructor himself and later he formed a team of well qualified professionals for this game.
There are different measurements of the courts as the basketball court is made with separate dimensions. Some courts are made 94 feet by 50 ft (28.65 m by 15.24 m); while some other courts are 28 m by 15 m (91′10.4″ by 49′2.6″). While other short dimensioned courts allowed by national federations have to be at least 26 m by 14 m (85′3.6″ by 45′11.2″). A smaller sized court of high school is also made at 84′ by 50′ also few basic schools often have court size of 74′ x 42′. In part-time game, the court of wider size is made. The height of the baskets are kept at 10′ (3.05m) above the ground
Some specialized players of the game strictly follow basketball rules. They also invent some techniques on how to play basketball by their own to make their practice more effective. The rules include pivot foot, out of bounds, fouls, fouls and free throws, dribbling rules, blocking and charging fouls, ten seconds rule, principal of verticality, illegal screen, what is a foul, backcourt rule, don’t foul out, hand checking, injury time out, personal foul, 5 seconds violation, double dribble, jump ball,3 point arc, and free throw.
The positions in the game are set by various well equipped professionals and include guard, forward, and center. These positions are further classified into more positions like point guard, shooting guard, small forward, power forward, and center.
In order to make your game more effective you must be aware about the rules of the game. For those who are more devoted to this game, they can go to learn the lessons online to get perfection.

The Top 5 NBA Players of All Time

The 2000s were one of the greatest decades in the 64-year history of the NBA, and many current players are undoubtedly going to be shoo-ins, when the time comes, for the Basketball Hall of Fame. But when the NBA celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1996, it was still possible to rattle off an easily digestible list of the game’s greats. Setting aside pros who played primarily after 2000, let’s look at the top 5 NBA players of all time.
5. Larry Bird: Larry Bird, widely regarded as the quintessential player’s player, was one of the few true superstars in his generation. Over the course of his 13 years on the Boston Celtics, he was the personification of all-out effort and selflessness. He lead the way to three championships during the 1980s, and he was selected for the All NBA team on 10 different occasions.
4. Wilt Chamberlain: Chamberlain played as center for three different teams—the San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers—through the 60s and early 70s. Although he is not the first NBA superstar, he set new standards for performance in the game, breaking records that still hold to this day. He’s still the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game, and he’s the only player to average more than 50 points in a season. The four-time MVP lead his team to two NBA titles in 1967 and 1972.
3. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: Upon retiring in 1989, Abdul-Jabbar had scored more points than any other player in the history of the game, and he won MVP a record six different years. On top of this, he led the Milwaukee Bucks to a national championship in 1971, and later won with the L.A. Lakers in five different years. Over his long and storied career, he was on the All-Star team 19 times, including in his final year, at age 42.
2. Magic Johnson: Magic Johnson could have been considered the greatest of all time, but he retired at the tender age of 32 due to his contracting HIV. Even with such a truncated career, he was still able to rack up some big accomplishments, including five championships with the Lakers, three MVP awards, and 12 All-Star appearances. His skillful and team-oriented style revolutionized the sport for all future players.
1. Michael Jordan: In terms of raw talent, Michael Jordan is undoubtedly the greatest of all time. By all accounts, Jordan was an intensely driven hard worker, and this came across in the fundamental soundness of his game, which combined with a grace, speed, and artistry that is rarely seen even among great players. With the Chicago bulls, he accomplished three straight championships on two occasions, and be was the NBA MVP six different times.

An Interesting Overview of Badminton

Badminton is a sport played with racquets by two opponents or two opponent pairs on a court that looks like a tennis court. Players win points when the ball goes over the net and strikes at the other side of the court close to the opponent. The ball used in this sport is called a shuttlecock and is not actually a ball. It has an aerodynamic shape that gives it the properties and qualities that the whole sport is based on. It has feathers that create a higher speed causing it to be very affected by the wind. This is why competitive matches or matches of high importance are usually played indoors. Badminton is an Olympic sport and it requires physical strength and high techniques.
The game was fully developed in Britain taking the form it has today and stating the rules. However, an amateur form of the game can be traced in British India in the 18th century. It was a game preferred by upper classes and ladies could also play. It was also very common in ladies schools. Duke of Beaufort showed interest in the game and helped in the development. Soon the first clubs and societies appeared and championships started. The international federation was established in 1934 and the sport became very popular in many countries. If you have a tennis racquet and want to use it to play badminton, you will probably face some difficulties. The racquets used for this sport are very light, made of different materials and their shape is restricted by the game’s laws. The shuttlecock or shuttle has a conic shape that is open in one end. The close part is made of cork and the open part is made of feathers. There are also synthetic shuttles that have a lower cost and last longer. They are preferred by beginners. There are shuttles that have an indication of speed. Green is for low speed, blue for middle speed and red for fast speed. The indication serves the game as a faster shuttle should be used in cold temperatures and a slow one is hot climates. As you can understand it is very light and requires a good technique in order to be able to hit it towards the desired direction.
To win in a game of badminton the player needs to have a lot of qualities. First of all, the game requires physical strength and the ability to move fast. Secondly, the player should have the right equipment that can assist in having a good game. The player should also be familiar with the strokes and have a good technique to perform them. Another ability good players have is deception. Being able not to show exactly which stroke you are going to perform, can surprise your opponent and allow him less time to be prepared. The game has a lot of fans and it is very interesting once you understand the basic rules. If you have an opportunity to take part in a game or to attend one, make sure you do so. You will certainly have fun.

The History of Badminton

Badminton is one of the oldest sports in the world. It has a long history that started from one country and spread to another and then to the whole world. It also has a social history as it was an upper class activity before it became a competitive sport.
Battledore and shuttlecock is the first name of the game and it was first seen in ancient Greece more than 2000 years ago. That’s a long time ago. In 1870 Duke of Beaufort showed an increased interest at the game that now took the name badminton. Long ago in the UK, children still used to play the game battledore and shuttlecock. They took a battledore, which was something like a paddle and tried to keep the shuttlecock in the air by throwing it to each other without letting it fall. The shuttlecock of that time shows many similarities with now as it was a piece of cork with added feathers. The cork was used because it was light and the feathers helped it move rapidly. This version of the game was first seen in medieval times in British India and then moved to the UK and then back again to India were it was very popular.
In 1893 the first set of rules were published in Great Britain and were all based on the English culture. They were minor adjustments of how the game should be played that were closer to Britain and a little different than the Indian version played so far. However, printing the rules also made the game official and the first badminton competition was held in 1899 and was the famous All England Open Championships. A few years later, countries of Europe were added to the federation of the game and India was also an affiliate member.
In the United States the history started in 1878 when the first badminton club was founded in New York. As the sport had many famous stars that preferred it, it soon became very popular to others as well. In 1936 the first set of rules and regulations for the US version of the game was established again giving it a character closer to the culture of the players. In 1937 the first official competition was held and famous player David Freeman from the states started his career, a player who later won the All England World Championships. Between 1949 and 1967 the US won twenty three world championships that showed the popularity of the game and the fact that there were some dedicated players there.
The game of badminton has definite origins in England and England and the US dominated the sport for the first several years of existence. However, the last decades many Asian countries as well as Denmark have embraced the sport and revealed many athletes that are talented and won gold medals in championships. Malaysia, South Korea and China have all achieved to be in the first places and win gold championships. Many famous players of our times also come from these countries.

Technique of Badminton Shots

technique of Badminton shots is very important for the player as the main way to win the game comes through shots. Shots will help you score and advance the quality of the game. The shots in the game are many and they can all be played as forehand or backhand. The only exception is the service shot that can only be played as a forehand shot.
The shots that are forehand are shot from the same side as the playing hand. The forehand shot for a right handed player is his right side that also leads. The backhand shot is the opposite. A backhand shot for a right handed player is his left side. Backhand shots are played with the back of the hand leading. There are players however that use the same side to play shots that are backhand. It is not easy to choose the right shot for the right situation. Shots played depend on the circumstances of the game. The first thing players consider is the position of the shuttlecock. The next thing to consider is the place your opponent is. If the shuttlecock is close to the net, the player can hit a ‘net kill’ shot. This shot is preferred when the shuttle is above and very close to the net and is made by hitting it downwards. This achieves an immediate win. If the shuttle is around a middle distance from the net, the player can stil use this downward movement to hit it, but paying attention to drive it to pass the net. This can have the same result.
If the shuttle is in neither of these two positions described, the player may choose to hit it from the rear while it is still above the net. This will help drive the shuttle at the other end where the opponent had probably not enough time to reach and make another shot. There are also shots called ‘clears’ that are made by hitting the shuttlecock high and above the net, right to the end of the other side of the court
These hits are spectacular to watch and are preferred by good players that can be accurate and fast. Most of the times a shot like that brings an instant win. Drop shots are the soft shots that drive the shuttlecock downwards in the other side of the court. These shots can also bring victory as the opponent can’t easily hit back.
All shots have one thing in common. They are hit to score. The idea is to drive the shuttlecock in a place where the opponent is not. You can achieve that by hitting one of these shots according to the situation. You can also achieve it by hitting a shot that cannot be hit back. So the goal is to pass the shuttlecock over the net and land it in the opponent’s field in a way that it is not possible for him to hit it back. Enjoy the game.

Do You Like Chanel Phone?

Chanel phones are notorious all over the world among women of all age groups. Not only do these phones look elegant and add some panache to your clothes, but they are also entirely convenient for stock and can amass a lot of your Chanel Phone, even though they may look actual compact and small. If you can't give to but the oversized phones or the ones which ensue to be the most classy ones in the total scope of cellphones from Chanel, then you can go in for the Mini Chanel phone instead.
The small Chanel phone gives you two very good advantages. Firstly, your hope, of owning a first designer phone gets solved, and irrespective of the dimension of the phone, your contacts will still envy you when you take that phone out in broadcast. Secondly, all your important gear can still be stored in a Mini Cartier Phone, and you will not have to compromise on the quantity of gear you can carry, just because your phone is small. You will still be able to fit in your keys, money, cards, make up products, group headset, IPod and masses of other gear. There are a very good number of sections in the phone to amass this equipment.
There are a lot of options when it comes to this Copy Phone - Mini Chanel phones. You can wish the kind of leather you want and the kind of hardware too. There are also many options in provisos of colors and designs. For those who do not have a Copy Phone near their house, there is no ought to fear because these phones are now presented for auction online as well, at the endorsed Chanel online warehouse. You can certainly make use of this great opportunity and order pack to be delivered right at your doorway. Plus, you will enjoy some great disregard deals, as well as limitless shipping at the online Chanel keep.
Mini Chanel phone is a copy phone that a hit among all females, from high prepare girls to college girls, and even among working women, and the faction animals or socialites. Elderly women too affection the slight colors and the classic designs so much that they find Mini Chanel phones to be the sharpen accessory even at an old age! Indeed, the versatility of a tiny Chanel handphone ensures that it is a great investment for any rage conscious lady, who will easily find enough occasions to use this phone!

Uncover The Manufacturer New Territory With Nokia Cell Telephone

All with the principal mobile phone producers are involved in meeting the demands through the prospects with most current technologies enabled gadgets. The Quad band and also Tri band technologies permitted cell phone has altered the very best method of cell phone technologies and so are within the demand in the customers. The exceptional capabilities

And also technologies loaded cell phone is doing wave in the present time and also the require for large-tech phone is certainly not-ending as well as they offer.

As soon as we converse about mobile phones, 1 certain model title usually stood tall and agency will be the Nokia. Nokia has always maintained its item and top quality inside marketplace and in no way let its customer down. And when it involves high quality, affordability and innovative phone technologies there is not any title better than the Nokia. Each of the mobile phones from Nokia are full of intelligent and superior features which are desired by each and every and every mobile telephone client in current time of day time.

The whole key cellular manufacturer is in stiff opponents with the other to direct the marketplace. On this newest cell phones war, all of the suppliers have launched some excessive-profile cell phones just about every so typically. From the recent time, Nokia also has can come out with some incredible cell phones inside the industry, namely Nokia 7280, Nokia N85, Nokia N79, Nokia 5610 XpressMusic, Nokia 8800 Carbon Arte, Nokia 5000, Nokia 3102 Classic, Nokia 6301 and also Nokia 6500. The N Series and also the E Sequence through the residence of Nokia is

A market chief cellphone within the market.

You can find also inexpensive cell phones from your house of Nokia is accessible inside current market specific with the diminished marketplace class, namely Nokia 3330, Nokia 3410, Nokia 1101, Nokia 6230, Nokia 1208, Nokia 1112, Nokia 1650, Nokia 2600, Nokia 2610, Nokia 2630, Nokia 2760.

The latest providing in the house of Nokia could be the Nokia N81 8GB. The Nokia N81 8GB is a splendid, stylish and clever phone. This phone includes colored edging around the casing and across the navigation wheel. The patron has the choice of numerous color selections about the casing. The Nokia N81 8GB mobile phone is really durable and also sturdy inside of model and also weighs about one hundred forty grams, the standard proportions of the cell phone will probably be 17.9mm deep by 50mm huge by 102mm excessive. The mobile phone is surely wonderfully intended and also outfitted as well as fantastic cell phone technologies. The cell phone arrives which has a very effortless glide opening casing, which can be uncomplicated to cope with and also operate.

The Nokia N81 8GB help Wi-Fi technologies along with Bluetooth to put together quicker info transfer. The customer can simply trade docs or maybe data for example music data, images and also films using the assist of Bluetooth wireless technologies or perhaps a USB cabled hyperlink. The mobile phone supports the Quad Band (GSM 900, GSM 850, GSM 1900 and GSM 1800) and WCDMA 2100 community, which enables the patron to enjoy throughout the world community insurance plan. The higher speed transfers might be enjoyed through the constructed in Edge technologies from the telephone.

The Nokia N81 8GB arrives working with integrated music capabilities for wholesome songs having an awesome good quality sound. All from the properly-identified audio formats is supported within just the integrated songs participant with this Nokia N81 8GB. The substantial-end music and also quantity keys help the clients to acquire obtain to and also control their very own tunes, the songs keys additionally permit the customer to participate in, rewind, go forward, pause and avoid music devoid of having to open the mobile phone. For hearing their favored songs, the prospects could make and also manage their music enjoy lists. The mobile phone has an integrated Fm airwaves characteristic with visual stereo that enables the customer to view info, tunes and thing.

Looking back again within just the time of its launch till at this time, Nokia gives maintained their posture within just the mobile phone marketplace in addition to newest technologies and also superior features mobile phone each and every now after which. All with the Nokia cell phone tends to be outfitted with superb prime quality merchandise to provide the client an superb advantage for his or her resources.

Mobile Phone

Cordless telephone linked to a cellular radio network. Early cellular networks used analogue technology, but since the late 1990s most services use a digital system. Calls are linked to the public telephone system via a network of connected base stations and exchanges; the area covered by each base station is called a cell. Each cell is about 5 km/3 mi across, and has a separate low-power transmitter. Mobility is possible as calls can be made while moving from one radio cell to another. In Europe, GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) has been adopted by many countries as a digital standard, enabling travellers to use a single phone across different national networks. Tri-band mobile phones are capable of changing frequencies to allow local networks in the USA to be accessed.
A trend for greater integration of phone and computer led to the development of WAP (wireless application protocol) phones in 1999. These allowed users to read e-mails and browse the Web, and by 2002 users could send digital images using a built-in digital camera. High-speed, ‘third generation’ (3G) phones were launched, capable of sending and receiving video messages, video calling, e-mail, photo-messaging, and news and information services (see 3G). Other potential applications include interactive television and all the features of a personal digital assistant (PDA).

In June 2001, New York became the first US state to ban motorists using mobile phones; violation of the law would incur a US$100 fine for the first violation, US$200 for the second, and US$500 for subsequent infringements. More than 40 other states proposed similar bans.

Mobile phone services rely on an internal Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. The SIM card identifies the phone to its network, can store telephone numbers, and protects users against misuse of their network account. Most mobile phone services offer a service called SMS messaging, which allows users to send each other text messages. GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) allows users to have their mobile phones permanently connected to the Internet.

Health risks Some scientific research has found a link between mobile phone use and brain tumour incidence but the proof is far from conclusive. To determine whether there is a risk, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the International EMF (electromagnetic field) Project in 1996. Intended to run until 2005, the project aims to determine the effects on human health of all devices that produce EMFs, including mobile phones. As of early 2004, there was no scientific proof that mobiles cause any more harm than increasing the temperature of the head by a harmless amount. Nevertheless, UK government health recommendations were that mobile phone users, especially children, should only use the phones for short periods and avoid prolonged activity if possible.

Mobile phone transmitting masts have sprung up all over the industrialized world. Many people living within close range of masts maintain that they are responsible for an increase in cancers and other illnesses.

Heal Yourself Using Plants from Your Own Garden - How to Make Compresses

by Kolbjørn Borseth of Aromantic 


Your back garden is a treasure trove of healing herbs and flowers which can be used at little expense to make a range of healing products and health remedies. Using your own plants also provides you with the assurance of using fresh, organic and uncontaminated materials. You can never know the history behind herbs and vegetable oils. They could for example have been grown next to a motorway, absorbing potentially harmful toxins. They could also have been stored indefinitely, reducing the potency of the ingredients. In this article we show you how to use your own garden products to make compresses, tinctures and healing oils. These remedies are tried and tested over history, so why not have a go? It's amazingly simple and safe to make many of these remedies and you will have the satisfaction of knowing that you are using your garden not only for food and pleasure but for healing your family. It's like having your own family health centre in your back garden and you don't need to rely on drug companies to deal with all of your health problems.

Making Compresses

Compresses are an excellent way to apply a treatment externally to a specific part of the body. This reduces the necessity for internal medication. There are two types of compress, those without heat and those with heat. Compresses without heat are used on wounds, eczema, psoriasis and similar problems where the skin is broken (not inflamed). NB: Never use warming compresses on broken skin.
Compress with heat are used when the skin is not broken, for example with rheumatism, sprains, inflammations, accidents, pains and swellings (but not with shingles). With pain you can also use a heating pillow, outside the hot compress. A hot water bottle would also suffice. Cover the compress with wool or other insulating materials.
When garlic and onion is used, it is important that it does not come into direct contact with the skin, and should therefore be placed on a cotton cloth. Never use hot compresses on wounds as the ingredients will be absorbed into the body. As a rule, compresses should be left on the person overnight, but not for more than 8 - 10 hours at a time. (This doesn't apply to burns). Don't put the same compress on two nights in a row. An exception is dry chamomile compress, which you can use for more than one night in a row. You can use this compress with or without heating.

How to Make a Compress

You will need:

• A cotton cloth 30 x 50 cm for compress to throat, knee or elbow.
• Clingfilm, surgical tape or freezer tape (never use tape or Clingfilm directly on the skin).
• Elastic Bandage.
• Woolen cloth.

Method:

1. Take a cotton cloth 50 x 30 cm, spread about 200ml of the recommended content evenly in the middle of the cotton cloth. Then cover with Clingfilm.
2. Fold each side of the cloth over the content.
3. Lastly tape everything so the content is secure.
4. Place the compress on the area to be treated with the cloth side towards the skin. The Clingfilm is facing outside, so the healing content goes into the body/skin. Wrap around with an elastic bandage and secure with tape.

Compresses on a wounded surface can first appear much worse. This is because the compress draws out puss and impurities through the wound. Change the compress often, wash and clean the area with a strong chamomile infusion. You will soon see a big improvement and the wound will heal.

Arnica Compress

Use on sprains, bruises, swollen skin, pains, burns and herpes blisters.
50 ml warm water and 1 - 2 teaspoons Arnica tincture.
Put a cotton cloth in hot Arnica water, squeeze the cloth and put it over the area to be treated. Put Clingfilm over and then a stretchy bandage. With a hot compress, put the woolen cloth over the Clingfilm and then the stretchy bandage. Using Arnica on burns increases the bleeding through and reduces the scar formation.
Warning: The skin should not be in contact with Arnica for more than 6 hours per day, too long at a time can create skin irritation. Never take arnica tincture internally.

Chamomile Compress

Useful for: sore throats, pain, prostate problems, psoriasis, eczema, earache.
Use about 20 gr. of chamomile flowers on the middle of the compress. Fold and tape. Put the Clingfilm on the top. You can use this chamomile compress up to 30 times if it's not wet after use. You have to put it in a sealed plastic bag between uses.

Onion Compress

Useful for: throat infections, hoarseness, earache, eye problems, muscle and acute joint inflammations, good for sinusitis. With eye problems, it aches for 1 minute after you put on the compress.
All you need is one onion, finely chopped and placed in a piece of cotton cloth. Use a rolling pin to flatten the package and squeeze out the juices. Cover with Clingfilm and then fold into a cotton cloth. Fold and tape together and place cotton side down on the affected area with the Clingfilm on the outside. Wrap with a woolen cloth and stretch bandage.
Warning: The first time you use onion compress, use it only for 1 hour to see if you have a positive reaction.

Green Cabbage or Savoy Compress

Useful for: eczema, psoriasis, menstrual cramps, pains, swelling, infections in the skin, joint pain.
Use the green outer leaves from organically grown plants. Cut away the thick stalks and use a rolling pin or bottle to press flat. Place and layer the inside of the leaves (the smooth side) around the entire area of the skin, root side down. Bind to body with cotton or lint free cloth. Then hold together with cling film and cover with a stretch bandage. Leave on overnight. (Cabbage contains a senaps oil that increases the blood circulation. It also includes the wound healing substance U Vitamin).

Potato Compress

Useful for: eczema or swelling under the eyes.
Use 3 peeled grated raw organic potatoes. Spread the potatoes on the cotton cloth and fold it together. When used on the eyes, put the grated raw potato in a small piece of gauze. Let it work for 30 minutes with closed eyes.

Compresses for Rheumatism

Night 1: Onion Compress.
Night 2 Dry Chamomile Compress.
Night 3: Arnica Compress.

Compresses Leg Wounds

Night 1: Cabbage Compress.
Night 2 Chamomile Herbal Tea Compress.
Night 3: Onion Compress.

Macerated Vegetable Oils for Skin Healing - Calendula Flowers in Oil

Making your own macerated oil is very easy. Take fresh flowers from your garden, chop up the flower buds and fill up a jar with vegetable oil. (Choose virgin olive oil which does not go rancid.) Pack the flower buds into the jar, seal and sit in the sun for 2 - 3 days then leave it in a dark cupboard for 2 - 3 weeks, shaking it every day. Strain the mixture through muslin and store in a dark jar. It will keep for around 2 years if stored in a dark cool place.

Make your own Tinctures

Tinctures are alcohol-based solutions which draw out the healing ingredients from herbs and flowers. You can make tinctures using wild flowers or flowers from your garden. Simply use chopped flowers and pack it in a jar half filled with the strongest vodka. Use 100 - 150 gr. fresh flowers or herbs to 150ml alcohol. If you use dried herbs or flowers use only 10 - 15 gr. in 150ml alcohol. Seal the jar and leave it in on a sunny window sill for 2 - 3 days. Then store in a dark place at room temperature for 2 - 3 weeks, shaking it every day. Strain through muslin cloth and store in a dark bottle. The tincture will keep for 2 - 3 years.
For both Macerated oils and tinctures, St John's Wort and Marigold flowers are excellent for treating sunburn and skin sores. Using Arnica on swollen skin will reduce the swelling overnight. An onion compress for earache will dramatically reduce the pain overnight also.
Kolbjorn Borseth has been working with alternative medicine for 25 years. Originally from Norway, he moved to Sweden and for ten years he worked with the leading lady of complimentary medicine, Lily Johansen. Her complimentary health care clinic treated over 30,000 patients. At that time we picked all of our fresh herbs and ingredients to be used fresh in the treatments each day. The above recipes come from this hospital.
In 1985, Kolbjorn started a Natural skin care factory in Sweden using local herbs. In one season he picked around 4,000 kg of herbs for drying and for making natural medicines and treatments.

About the Author:

Kolbjørn Borseth of Aromantic specializes in empowering people of all levels in making their own highly effective natural skin care products. Through his web site customers are able to access many free resources as well as being able to order all the raw materials, equipment and know-how required to make aromatherapy products, creams, shampoos, soaps and cosmetics.

Install registry cleaner – speed up your windows system

With Registry Mechanic you can safely clean, repair and optimize the Windows® registry with a few simple mouse clicks! Problems with the Windows® registry are a common cause of Windows® crashes, slow performance and error messages. By using a registry cleaner regularly and fixing registry errors your system should not only be more stable but it will also help improve your system performance without expensive hardware upgrades.

Registry Mechanic uses a high-performance detection algorithm to quickly identify missing and invalid references in your Windows® registry. These problems can occur for many reasons including being left-behind after the un-installation or incorrect removal of software, by missing or corrupt hardware drivers, or orphaned startup programs.
With a few easy steps our registry cleaner will scan your entire registry for any invalid entries and provides a list of the registry errors found, you can then choose to selectively clean each item or automatically repair them all. For your convenience and protection Registry Mechanic can also make a backup of any repairs made so that you can easily recover any changes if required.

Some facts about Registry Mechanic

• World’s most popular registry cleaner with over 60 million downloads.
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Registry Mechanic is recommended for fixing windows errors and boosting operating system speed.

How to Format and Reinstall Windows XP

This explains step-by-step how to format hard drive partition using the Windows XP installation CD. Before you continue, make sure you have backup of all documents you may need that are saved in C:, My Documents folder or your desktop.
Tip: Click the images to enlarge.
Step 1- Installation CD Insert your Windows XP installation disc into your CD or DVD drive.

Step 2 – Restart your computer and start Windows setup using Microsoft Windows bootable XP disk

Tutorial 2: Press any key to boot from CD

Restart your computer. As you computer boots, a screen with message “Press any key to boot from CD..” will show up counting from 9 to 0, here you need to press any key to start the setup. Note: If your computer doesn’t display the “Press any key to boot from CD..” message (by default it should), check your motherboard manual for info where to enable the “Boot from CD” setting, after you enable “Boot from CD” option from your BIOS, the message will show.
Step 3 – System Loading

Tutorial 3: Windows setup is loading files

After you enter the setup, the CD will load up a blue screen and will start loading operating system files (this make take few minutes). When it finishes, it will list a few options, “Press ENTER to set up Windows XP now” is the one we need. Click it.
Step 4 – Accept Windows usage agreement

Tutorial 4: Press F8 to accept microsoft licence agreement

Second screen is “The windows usage agreement”. It should be displayed now, showing that you need to press F8 to accept the agreement. Press F8 to accept. How to format a computer
Step 5 – Setup start

Tutorial 5: Press enter to start the windows installation

If an existing Windows XP installation is detected by the system, you are prompted to repair it. We will bypass this step
Step 6 – Delete old partition and format

Tutorial 6: Delete existing partition "C"

Tutorial 6.1: Confirm deleting of partition - press " D "

Tutorial 6.2: Confirm the deleting by pressing " L "

At this point you need to select the partition where you prefer to install Windows Xp. This is where you will delete your partition and format drive C. The box in the lower half of the screen shows all your drives and the partitions that currently exist on your hard disk. Use the Up and Down Arrow keys to highlight/select your “C:” partition and press the “D” key (pic 6.1). On the next screen press the ‘L’ key (pic 6.2) to confirm that you want to delete partition “C:”, and finalize the deleting of the partition. (if you have only “Unpartitioned space” and you have no C: or D: partitions, skip this step) How to format a computer
Step 7 – Create installation partition

Tutorial 7: Select unpartitioned space and press " C "

Now you should be back on the screen prompted to choose where to install Windows. The box on the lower half of the screen should no longer show a partition, instead of “C:” you should see “Unpartitioned space xxxxxMB”. Select/highlight this with the arrow keys and press the “C” key to create a partition on the drive (this is where you will install windows). Now setup tells you the minimum and maximum sizes the partition can use and lets you pick the size. The default size is the maximum available, leave the default value and press Enter.
Step 8 – Format the computer (the hard disk)

Tutorial 8: Select format using NTFS (Quick) and hit Enter

This screen lets you choose the file system you prefer the drive to be formatted with. Choose NTFS “Quick” (recommended because NTFS is faster and more secure). Use the arrow keys to select and hit Enter. How to format a computer
Step 9 – Start Windows XP Setup Setup will start to and will auto-format the “C:” partition, and start with Windows XP installation. From here you are all set and the installation of Windows will proceed. This will take a while. The computer will reboot several times, and will continue with installation. Don’t remove the Windows XP setup CD, and don’t press a key when prompted (we already did that).

Tutorial 9: Setup is formatting

Tutorial 9.2: Setup reboots

Tutorial 9.1: Copying files needed for windows setup